Introduction to Graphics

Now that you can create loops, it is time to move on to learning how to create graphics. This chapter covers:

• How the computer handles x, y coordinates. It isn't like the coordinate system you learned in math class.
• How to specify colors. With millions of colors to choose from, telling the computer what color to use isn't as easy as just saying ``red.''
• How to open a blank window for drawing. Every artist needs a canvas.
• How to draw lines, rectangles, ellipses, and arcs.

Computer Coordinate Systems

The Cartesian coordinate system, shown in Figure fig.Cartesian_coordinates_2D (Wikimedia Commons), is the system most people are used to when plotting graphics. This is the system taught in school. The computer uses a similar, but somewhat different, coordinate system. Understanding why it is different requires a quick bit of computer history.
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